Philippine history spans from pre-colonial times to the present, marked by periods of Spanish colonization, American influence, and Japanese occupation, culminating in independence and a complex post-colonial era.
The archipelago was inhabited by Austronesian peoples, with the first Austronesians reaching the Philippines around 3000–2200 BCE.
Various indigenous groups developed distinct cultures and traditions, including the Tagalog, Visayan and other ethnic groups.
Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition arrived in 1565, establishing Spanish rule in the Philippines.
The Spanish implemented a hierarchical system of governance, with friars playing a significant role in religious and political affairs.
The Spanish focused on extracting resources and promoting Catholicism, leading to social and economic inequalities.
Filipino resistance to Spanish rule grew, culminating in the Philippine Revolution.
The Katipunan:
The Katipunan, a revolutionary organization led by Andres Bonifacio, launched the Philippine Revolution
in 1896.
Spanish-American War:
The Spanish-American War in 1898 led to Spain's defeat and the transfer of the Philippines to the United
States.
American Colonial Period (1898-1946):
Philippine-American War:
The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) erupted as Filipino revolutionaries, led by Emilio Aguinaldo,
resisted American occupation.
American Governance:
The United States established a colonial government, introducing American education, infrastructure,
and political systems.
Philippine Commonwealth:
In 1935, the Philippines became a Commonwealth, paving the way for eventual independence.
World War II:
The Philippines was occupied by Japan during World War II (1941-1945), followed by the liberation by
American forces.
Independence:
The Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.
Post-Colonial Era:
The Marcos Era:
Ferdinand Marcos’s presidency (1965-1986) was marked by a period of martial law and authoritarian
rule.
People Power Revolution:
The People Power Revolution in 1986 led to the overthrow of Marcos and the restoration of democracy.
Contemporary Philippines:
The Philippines has since experienced periods of political instability and economic challenges, while also
making strides in democracy and development.
